What types of complications can arise from central venous catheters used in dialysis?

The complications associated with central venous catheters used in dialysis primarily include thrombosis and infection, making this option the most accurate. Central venous catheters (CVCs) can become occluded due to thrombosis, which is the formation of a blood clot within the catheter, leading to impaired blood flow and the potential need for additional intervention to remove the blockage.

Infection is another significant risk associated with CVCs as they are inserted into large veins, creating a portal for bacteria to enter the bloodstream. This can lead to serious complications, such as bloodstream infections or sepsis, which are particularly concerning for patients undergoing dialysis.

Other potential complications like cardiac arrhythmias can occur, particularly if the catheter tip is positioned incorrectly or migrates, but these are not the primary issues associated with CVC use in dialysis. Similarly, conditions such as diabetes and hypertension do not stem from the use of central venous catheters but rather are separate comorbid conditions that may be present in patients with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, thrombosis and infection are the most pertinent complications resulting from these devices, making the selection of this answer appropriate.