What percentage of normal kidney function is typically replaced by hemodialysis (HD)?

Hemodialysis (HD) is a treatment used to replace some functions of the kidneys, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. Typically, hemodialysis is known to effectively replace approximately 10% to 15% of normal kidney function.

This percentage reflects the dialysis process's ability to remove waste products and excess fluid, as well as maintaining electrolyte balance and acid-base status. The normal kidneys perform many complex functions beyond just waste removal, including the production of hormones and regulation of blood pressure, which is why dialysis can only replace a fraction of these capabilities.

In this context, the answer indicating 15% of normal kidney function aligns with clinical understanding and practice; thus, it is consistent with data regarding the management of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Patients will often require other forms of support, medication, and monitoring to manage their condition effectively, as hemodialysis cannot fully replicate all aspects of normal kidney activity.